Method and device for manufacturing closure caps and closure cap produced thereby



Nov. 27, 1956 H. L. CRABTREE METHOD AND nsvrca FOR MANUFACTURING CLOSURECAPS AND CLOSURE CAP PRODUCED THEREBY 5 Shets-Shcet 1 Filed May 10. 19510 i1 45 4 \\\((IIIIIIIIIIIIIII illli IN V EN TOR. [lam/d L (24%! 1956 H.L. CRABTREE METHOD AND DEVICE F MA ACTURING C URE CAPS AND CLOSURE PDUCED THER Filed May 10, 1951 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 3. B1, Ham/d Z, 5

Nov. 27, 1956 EVI CAPS AND CLO CIE. CRABTREE SUR 2,772,012 METHOD AND DFOR MANUFACTURING CLOSURE E CAP PRODUCED THEREBY Filed May 10, 1951 3Sheets-Sheet 3 1: mil

INVENTOR. fiara/d frail]?! United States Patent METHOD AND DEVICE FORMANUFACTURING CLOSURE CAPS AND CLOSURE CAP PRODUCED THEREBY Harold L.Crabtree, Lancaster, Ohio, assignor to Anchor Hocking Glass Corporation,Lancaster, Ohio, a corporation of Delaware Application May 10, 1951,Serial No. 225,494

8 Claims. (Cl. 215-49) -The present invention relates to the manufactureof closure caps, and more particularly to a method and device formanufacturing closure caps and to the improved closure cap producedthereby, having gaskets or coatings formed therein from a piece ofmoldable material.

This application is in part a continuation of application Serial No.137,857, filed in the United States Patent Oflice on January 10, 1950.

With the present method and device, a cup-shaped shell for a closurecap, usually of sheet metal, may first have placed therein a piece orslug of material such as uncured rubber compound; the piece of materialis thereafter subjected to the action of av pressure member whichdeforms the material and forces it into contact with shell walls to formit into desired shape. In some instances, the plastic or moldablecompound may be forced into the shape of an annular gasket which extendsaround the skirt portion of a closure cap, and in other instances thecompound may be squeezed to form such agasket and also completely coverthe underside of a top panel of the closure cap.

In addition to the other features of the invention, I have discoveredthat in practicing .the method under normal conditions blisters form onthe rubber material in the closure and that the blisters are caused bysmall bubbles of air being compressed to a high degree by the pressureused in molding the rubber. When this high pressure is removed, the airexpands to cause blisters or ing the air from the chamber formed duringthe liner, By thus. evacuating the air from in molding operation. andaround the rubber slug. at the time of the molding operation, trappedair is minimized and blisters cease to be a problem. The metal of theclosure, or a coating thereon, is completely covered with rubber and theexposed surface of the rubber is smooth and adapted to form an excellentseal.

In addition to forming an excellent seal, the closure formed by thepresent method eliminates so-called pinholes. Most food products whenpacked in closed containers attack the metal of the closure cap sealingthe container. This slow action tends to form pinholes which perforatethe metal. Of course, any perforation permits air to enter thecontainer, and the product is spoiled. Enormous quantities of packagedfoods have been spoiled due to this tendency of the product to attackthe metal. It is not possible to coat the metal with lacquers which willeliminate the difficulty.

The present invention aims to overcome the above and other difficultiesby providing a new and improved method and device for manufacturingclosure. caps. by shaping under high pressure a molding compound withina cap shell so as to conform to appropriate portions of the shell and toso effectively unite the shaped compound with shell surfaces that thecompound cannot be separated without considerable effort; thereafter anedge of the shell is preferably inturned to lock the molded materialinto position. The invention further contemplates a new and 2,772,012Patented Nov. 27, 1956 improved means and method of preventing theformation of cavities or blisters in the material which is shaped toform a gasket or interior coating in the closure cap. In addition, theinvention aims to provide an improved closure cap and package.

An object of the present invention is to provide a new and improvedmethod. of manufacturing closure caps.

Another object of the invention is to provide a new and improved devicefor manufacturing closure caps.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved closure capand package.

Another object is to provide a new and improved means and method ofminimizing or preventing the formation of defects such as cavities inthe gaskets or interior linings of closure caps.

Other and further objects of the invention will be obvious upon anunderstanding of the illustrative embodiment about to be described, orwill be indicated in the appended claims, and various advantages notreferred to herein will occur to one skilled in the art upon employmentof the invention in practice.

A preferred embodiment of the invention has been chosen for purposes ofillustration and description and is shown in the accompanying drawings,forming a part of the specification, wherein:

Figl is a diagrammatic view illustrating the manufacture of a closurecap according to the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view illustrating one means for practicing thepresent invention;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional View illustrating the partsof Fig. 2 in another position;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of a device for shapingthe moldable material, embodying plunger with a different shaped lowerend than that of Figs. 2 and 3;

Fig. 4a is a sectional view showing a molding press generaly similar tothat of Figs. 2 and 3 but embodying certain refinements thereover;

Fig. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view showing a portion of aclosure capmanufactured by the present method and device;

Fig. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view also illustrating aportion of a. closure cap, similar to that of Fig. 5 manufactured by thepresent method and device;

Fig. 7 is a plan view, partly broken away, showing a square slug ofmoldable material with corner portions retaining it in position withinthe shell;

Fig. 8'is a plan view, partially broken away, showing a triangular slugof moldable material with corner portions thereof retaining, the slug inposition Within the cap shell;

Fig. 9'is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view showing a portion ofmodified closure cap manufactured by the present method and device; and

Fig. 10 is a fragmentary sectional view showing a container havingsealed thereto a closure cap of the present invention.

Referring again to the drawings, and more particularly to Fig. 1, thereis shown in diagrammatic form various steps preferably utilized toproduce the present closure cap, a completed cap beingshown at the rightside of the figure. For purposes of convenience, the invention will bedescribed chiefly with reference to its use in manufacturing a closurecap having both and annular gasket portion and a thickness of materiallying against the underside of. the cap cover portion. Certain featuresof the. invention may be used to produce a closure cap embodying a ringgasket. with or without the layer of mate rial underlying the entirecover portion.

The closure cap shell is stamped and formed from a strip of suitablycoated sheet metal (not shown) so that ithas an inset center portionz,annular. offset cover groove 4 and depending skirt portion 5, asillustrated at V 3 r a in Fig. l. The shells are formed so that a coatedsurface of the sheet is disposed inwardly, the preferable coating beinga vinyl base coating. The juncture of skirt and groove may be as shownin the enlarged view For purposes of convenience, the deformablematerial which is used to form the gasket and coveringlayer at theinterior of the shell will be described as comprising some suitablerubber compound or material, it being intended that this terminologyinclude the various examples referred to herein as well as othermaterials-or compounds having appropriate qualities. It will be clearthat various suitable synthetic or natural rubber compounds maybeutilized, as well as materials other than rubber compounds, withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention. The-presentinvention is not intended to be limited to any particular moldingcompound or material, as the method and device are equally useful withvarious ones. Synthetic -materials could he used which would be readyfor use immediately upon being shaped into desired formation within theclosure cap. The rubber compound is preferably in uncured orunvulcanized condition when placed into the shell and may, if desired,be subsequently vulcanized to the desired state of hardness, elasticity,strength, etc. The molding materials may be of any desired color forgiving a pleasing appearance with the particular material to'bepackaged; for example,.when the caps are used for dark colored jams orjellies, the molding material may have a matching dark color, and whenused for packaging cheeses it may be of lighter matching color. Therubber compound may I be' formed into one or more strips 12 ofappropriate width and thickness by any suitable machine, for example bythat shown in expired Patent No. 1,871,560. 'Such a machine is indicatedgenerally in Fig. l by reference character 13. k A strip 12 is thensevered by shear 14 into slugs 18 of desired length or suitable slugsmay be punched from the strip..

The shape and thickness of the slugs should be suitable to theparticular closure caps in which they are to be formed. With a shelldiameter of. about 2%" and a skirt length of about i thesslug may beabout one inch square and A" thick; these are merely examples. Acircular or other shape of slug could also be used. The slugs may havemarginal portions that project beneath the skirt flange 6 and engage theskirt 5, such as the corners of the square and triangular slugs shown inFigs. 7 and 8 respectively, to thereby retain the slugs within the capshells. However, some areas of the top panel within the confines of theskirt are preferably left uncoveredby the slug which is placedin theshell.

The relatively thin fiat slugs may be positioned by hand within closurecap shells adjacent central parts thereof, as indicated .at b in Fig. l,or may be guided thereto by a chute 15. In this relationship, the shellis supported and the slug squeezed under high pressure so as to displaceportions of it to cover the center panel, fill the groove 4 in the topof the cap, and extend upwardly along the skirt 5, as shown at 0.

is placed in a recess in a support member positioned beneath areciprocable plunger 21, shown carrying a rel-" 7 extensions of theplunger, and may be normally urged downwardly by springs 26 positionedintermediate the plunger projections 25 and the relatively movablememher 22.

As the plunger. 21 and member 22 move downwardly,

sealing means 28 at the underside of the movable member contacts thesurface 29 of the cap supporting mem-v ber 20 and co-operates therewithand with the plunger 21 to form a chamber around the shell and its slugof moldable material 18. A sealing means 31 may be intermediate theplunger v 21 and movable member 22 to minimize leakage of air betweenthe members.

At about the time that the sealing ring .28 contacts the surface 29 ofthe cap supporting member 20, a vacuum conduit 34 is operativelyconnected with a suitable exhausting device to withdraw air from thecap-enclosing chamber. This may be achieved in any suitable manner; forexample a projection 35 of '.a valve 37 may strike an adjustable screw36, to thereby open the valve 37, which connects the conduit 34 with avacuum tank or other means forv withdrawing air from the interior of thecap chamber through the conduit 34 and a passageway 39 of the movablemember 22. Withdrawal of air from the chamber thus commences prior tothe lowermost surface 40 of the plunger 21 coming into contact I withthe rubber slug 18,.upon continued downward movement of the plunger. Thesealing ring 28 may be of round, square, or any other appropriate crosssection. being retained in a correspondingly shaped groove.

When the movable member 22 contacts the cap support member 20, itsmovement is arrested but the plunger 21 continues to move downwardly inopposition to the spring or springs 26 and its lower surface comes into'contact with the rubber slug 18.. The pressure exerted by the plunger 21causes the slug material to flow firstradially outwardly and thence downalong the cap skirt into the shape illustrated at c of Fig. 1.

The amount of pressure required to deform the slug' 18, 18a, or 18b isinfluenced by the particular composition of the plastic material. totalload per cap may be in the neighborhood of eight tons. This, of course,will also vary with the size of theslug which must be reformed, aswellas with the particular material of the slug. With a load ofeighttons the pressure is in the neighborhood of 4,000 pounds per squareinch; it is preferably not less than about 3,500

pounds per square inch regardless of cap size and mate- 7 I havediscovered rial being molded, and may be more. thatby using pressuresfrom about 3,500 pounds per 7 square inch to about 10,000 pounds persquare inch, I

get a very superior bond of the cap and its vinyl base coating withliner or gasket, as well as liners or gaskets of optimum and uniformdensity and toughness throughout the layer 10 and annular portion 9,which is of great importance as it insures uniform sealing pressuresagainst the rim and annular sealing zone of containers.

These pressures are so high that they are obtained by a hydraulic press.The uniform density and toughness and superior bond thus obtained makesit difficult to scrape away with a suitable instrument the lining orgasket so as to expose the underlying metal and prevents removal innormal conditions of usage. Applying this With some materials, the

pressure for a period of about two to four seconds will give goodresults.

This method of reforming the molding slug under high pressure causesportions of it to shift outwardly from central locations over underlyingportions of the top panel and thence along the skirt so that it scrubsor squeegees air film molecules off the vinyl base coating or a metalsurface to give a bond or uniting between the compound and underlyingcoating or metal that is very difficult to break. The strength of thisbond is undoubtedly due in large measure to the high pressure utilizedto reform the slug and force it against the interior of the cap, and itis believed that absorbed surface films of air are so broken or weakenedthat there is obtained a molecular interlocking between the compoundmaterial and the underlying vinyl base coating or metal.

The bond obtained is so strong that the plunger 21 may be pulled out ofthe resulting cup-shaped liner or gasket without the necessity of firstheating the cap in order to get suflicient adherence between thematerial and the cap so that the plunger will not pull the moldedmaterial loose as it moves away from the cap. As a matter of fact, thebond obtained is so strong that the plunger may actually be hotter thanthe cap and yet not pull the liner loose as it moves out. The advantageof thus being able to heat both plunger and cap is that it permitssupplying just sufiicient heat during pressing to render the pressurehighly effective in the distribution of the material and reduces thetime required for application; this heat makes the material flow easier.

The above high pressure action supplements the simultaneous withdrawalof air that creates a partial vacuum and is particularly useful anddesirable in manufacturing the present closure caps at high speeds.

The high pressures utilized give flow and adherence of the lining attemperatures which will avoid objectionable hardening of the material ofthe lining so that the precise nature of the lining as to hardness andother sealing qualities may be predetermined and retained duringreformation of the slug. If desired, the caps with the molded materialtherein may be subsequently subjected to heat for curing and in this wayrender the closures suitable for sealing products requiring a cured orvulcanized gasket.

The uniform density and toughness obtained by the high pressuresutilized is in all probability due to squeezing minute amounts ofadhered or adsorbed air out of the slugs and in achieving a closercontact between the particles which comprise the slug material.

While the closures may be subsequently heated to vulcanize the rubberand secure greater toughness and hardness, such subsequent heating isneither necessary nor desirable for sealing many types of products.

While lower pressures may be used to reshape a slug so that it conformsto a cap shell with apparatus of relatively light construction, thelighter pressure does not give the uniformly dense and tough gasketsobtained by those formed under the preferred pressures of about 3,500 to10,000 pounds per square inch.

Even though the interior of the container may be subjected to anunusually high vacuum, the pulling down force on the closure cap is notsufiicient to cause the container rim to dig its way entirely throughany portion of a liner or gasket formed under the above pressures, evenwhere the rubber is unvulcanized.

Where a plunger 21 with a flat end is used, the inset center portion 2provides a desired depth to the groove 4 around the periphery of thecenter portion. The horizontal portion of a gasket formed in the groove4 provides a top seal for a container and the vertical wall portion of agasket provides a side seal for a container. If desired, the end of theplunger may have an annular portion 48 (Fig. 4) which projects beyondthe remainder thereof; this offset part 48 serves to press the moldablematerial firmly into the annular cap recess and may even inset itslightly.

The cap supporting member 20 and the reciprocable plunger 21 may beheated by suitable electric heaters or plates 45 and 46. These maypartially vulcanize a rub ber compound during its formation within thecap, and the cap may be subsequently subjected to additional heat forcompleting the vulcanization, for example by exposing them to a batteryof infra-red lamps as the caps move through a suitable tunnel or passingthem through a vulcanizing oven. The heaters 45 and 46 of the capsupport member and plunger may be heated to any appropriatetemperatures. Good results will be achieved with some compounds bymaintaining the plunger heater at a temperature of about 160 F. and thecap support heater at about F., giving a general average temperature ofabout F. Preferable temperatures of cap and molding material at the endof the molding operation are in the order of 130 F. to F.

If desired, one or more ducts 43 may be provided in the plunger 21 (Fig.2) to receive, during displacement of the slug 18, any excess rubbercompound comprising the slug. It is preferred not to have such ducts,however, as they generally allow objectionable protuberances to form.Air is not drawn into the cap chamber through the ducts, as they aregenerally blocked by excess slug material.

Adjacent the end of the molding stroke of the plunger 21, the flange 6of the shell is turned inwardly toward the center panel of the closureto fit around and grip the shaped molding compound. This may beaccomplished by an inclined shoulder 50 on the plunger 21, which strikesagainst the inwardly extending flange 6 and bends it toward the coverportion of the cap. The means for evacuating the cap chamber preferablyremains connected during inturning of the cap lower edge so that no airis trapped between the gasket and the edge of the skirt during itsinward turning, where it might tend to blow the gasket edge laterallyupon release of pressure caused by inward movement of the plunger 21.

The molding press illustrated in Fig. 4a is similar to that of Figs. 2and 4 but embodies certain refinements.

For example, ejector means is shown in the support member 20a forlifting closures when the ejector is elevated by the underlyingreciprocable cam, a chute is provided at the left side for guidingclosures away from the machine, and upright rods are shown for guidingthe plunger-carrying means during reciprocation by the piston rod andits hydraulic cylinder indicated at the top of the figure. A bell crankat the right side of the figure may be actuated with the plunger tooperate the ejector-elevating cam.

Final preferred shapes of the cap edge are illustrated in the enlargedview of Figs. 5 and 9 where the inwardly disposed surface of theinturned skirt is shown forming substantially a continuation of thesurface of the skirt gasket portion. The completed closure cap may thusbe readily fitted downwardly over the mouth of a container. The skirtand cover portions may merge together as shown in Fig. 5 or may be morerounded at their juncture as indicated in Fig. 9. The more roundedcontour of Fig. 9 is desirable as it facilitates flow and evendistribution of molding material during pressing of the slug and furtherminimizes the possibility of trapping air in or beneath the moldingmaterial. With a cap of about 2%." diameter, the rounded connectingportion may have a radius of about A of an inch.

In addition to securely gripping the gasket material, the inturned edgeof the skirt also conceals any uneven edge or gap 51 which may form onthe material due to placing too small a slug in a shell, as indicatedgenerally in Fig. 6. Thus each closure cap produced by practicing thepresent method has a uniform and neat appearance, even though themoldable compound may not be suflicient to contact the underside of theinwardly extending flange 6 prior to inward turning thereof.

. of the shaped material.

mines the thickness of the gasket formed in the groove.

7 The thickness of the gasket may be varied by insetting' the coverportion an appropriate distance. Where the plunger 7 has an'offsetannular ridge 48 (Fig. 4), this also serves to shape the rubber slugadjacent the groove wall 411 of the cap. The final closure shown anddescribed herein preferably has a rubber thickness at its cover portionof about $5000 Of an inch.

The gasket material sho'wn in Figs. 5 and9 is thinner adjacent lowerportions; of the cap than adjacent upper portions, which provides alarger diameter so that the cap may readily fit down over a containerside wall. The lower innersurface of the material may be inclined asshown in Fig. 5 or may be substantially cylindrical as shown in'Fig. 9.7

As either of the closures shown moves down over a container, due toexternal pressureo'r vacuum from the interior of the container, materialfrom the thickened upper gasket portion is reformed or displaced so asto move toward the lower thinner cross section and press radially inwardagainst an annular sidewall portion of the container below its rim. Therelationship between a container and closure cap such as that of Fig. 9sealed thereto is illustrated in Fig. 10, and it will be noted that thegasket.

material bulges or protrudes inwardly at 8 so as to contactadjacentportions of the container side wall 3. If desired,

the container may have a thickened upper edge or bead so that thereformed or displaced'rubber compound of the gasket may interlockbeneath such head or edge. A similarlrelationship exists when theclosure cap of Fig. 5 is applied to the container. 7

Upon completion of molding, the plunger 21 moves 7 completely away fromit. Completed closures may be removed from their seats in the seatingmember 20 in any suitable manner, for example by a cam-operated ejectormember,iand sent to means for completing vulcanization .While theevacuating struction shown and described is preferred, however, as itvfacilitates operation of the method and provides a rela- .tivelysimpledevice for withdrawing air prior to the instant at which theplunger comes into contact with a slug of material 18. 7

it will be seen that the present invention provides a new and improvedmethod and device for manufacturing passages 39 and conduit 34 are shownprovided in the stripper member 22, they could V instead-be provided inthe plunger member 21. The conclosure caps, as well as an improvedclosure cap and sealed 7 package. With the present method and deviceobiectionable cavities in the moldable material are either minimized oreliminated; the resulting gasket of substantially uni metal of the cap;The tenacity of the bond between the liner or gasket and the shell ofthe cap is so strong that.

the'reis very little likelihood of their separation.

Air is withdrawn from a closed chamberwhich con-' is achievedsimultaneously with evacuation of air from: the cap and the containingchamber, so that there. is little V likelihood of trapping air at therear or some other portion of the moldable material. The inturned edgeof the cap skirt conceals the edge of the'rubber and permits consideriof the closure cap.

able leeway in the rubber forced up about the periphery The coverportion of a closure cap is preferably inset i with respect to anannular marginal portion to provide a groove which is adapted to hold agreater mass of material at that portion adapted to contact and form aseal with'the rim of a container. 'In addition to forming a seal at theupper part of the rim, a closure manufactured" container.

As various changes may bernade in theform, construction and arrangementof the parts herein without depart ing from the spirit and scope of theinvention'and without sacrificing any of its advantages, it is to beunderstood" that all matter herein is to be interpreted as illustrativeand not in a limiting sense. 7

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

L'A sheet metal closure cap of the class described I comprising a topportion and a depending cylindrical skirt, a rubber compound forming animperforate covering over the entire inner'walls of said top portionandldepending skirt, said covering having its greatest thickness alongthe upper portion vof the skirt fortelescoping over and engaging theside wall of a container, the inner sur face of the covering along thelower portion of the skirt flaring downwardly, and the lower edgeportion of the skirt'being turned about the lower edge of the coveringand enveloping the same in clamping relation.

2. A sheet metal closure cap of the class described i comprising a topportion and. "a depending'cylindrical" ing an imperforate covering overthe entire inner surface and being bonded thereto bysaid lacquercoating, said 7 and a lower edge portion of said skirt extendinginwardly and upwardly about the lower edge portion of thecoveringenveloping and concealing saidlower the covering.

skirt, said top portion and skirt having their inner surface covered bya lacquer coating, a rubber compound forme.

edge portion of 3. The method of manufacturing a closure cap' whichcomprises providing a cup-shaped shell having a top panel, and skirtportion, and an inwardly projecting annuing the topand adjacent portionof the skirt to prevent deformation thereof, heating said shell and saidmaterial to at least partially vulcanize saidv material, withdrawing airfrom the interior of said shell, subjecting said piece of material topressure to force it to flow along the bond to said panel and skirt andduring the application of said 1 pressure, bending said inwardlyprojecting annular flange toward the top panel to coverand clamp inposition adja- 2 cent portions of said reformed piece of rnateriaL.

4. The method as claimed in claim 3, whereinsaid pressure is applied fora period of about two to four 7 seconds.

5. The method as claimed in claim wherein said unvulcanized rubbercompound is' heated to a temperature talus the closure cap and themoidable slug is simultaneously subjected to extraordinarily highpressure. As

the siug reforms under this high pressure,- portions of it scrub soclosely along interior surfaces of the cap that adsorbed suriace filmsof air are broken or weakened and a very strong interlock, probablymolecular, is'obtained between slug material and cap surfaces. Turningthe edge 2 or skirt of the closure toward a cover portio'npf the cap Ofab0l1tl30 F. to 1 0 F. during subjection to said 5 pressure.

closurecap adapted to form a hermetic seal on a glass container whichcomprises placing within said cup-shaped a shell a slug of unvulcanizedrubber compound adapted to Y ilow upon subjection to pressure,supporting the'top and;

adjacent portion of the skirt to prevent deformation thereof,withdrawing air from the interior of said shell to form a partial vacuumabout said slug and subjecting said slug to plunger pressure in therange of 3,500 to 10,000 pounds per square inch to cause it to flowunder high pressure over the inside surface of the shell into the shapeof a sealing gasket and in so doing to scrub the air film ofi thesurface of the shell and to provide a molecular bond with the inside ofthe cup-shaped shell.

7. The method as claimed in claim 6 wherein the inside of the shell iscoated with a bonding material.

8. A device for forming sealing gaskets in cup-shaped shells having topand skirt portions in the manufacture of closure caps comprising thecombination of means for supporting the top and adjacent portion of theskirt to prevent deformation thereof, a plunger insertable into saidshell for displacing portions of a plastic sealing material such asuncured rubber to conform to an interior surface of said shell and toprovide a sealing gasket therefor, means carried by and movable withrespect to said plunger for sealing said shell within a substantiallyair tight chamber, means for withdrawing air from the interior of saidshell, and means on said plunger for turning a skirt portion of saidshell over a depending portion of said material at the time ofdisplacing portions of the sealing material.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS BeherAug. 26, Morrison May 14, Taliaferro Dec. 16, Eberhart Mar. 29,Taliaferro Apr. 1, Egan Apr. 14, Hogg Oct. 19, Goodwin May 24, CampbellOct. 11, Haller May 9, Cavalho Nov. 28, Dorough Apr. 15, Knowles Dec. 8,White Jan. 25, Fankhanel Jan. 1, Barnby et a1. Apr. 2, Glocker Mar. 9,Haggart, Jr Aug. 16, Gora Dec. 27, Pattle Aug. 1, Gora Apr. 10, DryerJuly 8, Miller Ian. 20,

Maier Oct. 13,

